Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Chapter 1
1.1 Evolution of Technologies
- Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology
- It is reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to
create significant social or economic effects - List of some currently available emerged technologies
- Artificial Intelligence
- Blockchain
- Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
- Cloud Computing
- Angular and React
- DevOps
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
- Big Data
- Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
1.1.1 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
- period of major industrialization and innovation that took place late
1700s and early 1800s - society shifts from using tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal
- manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories
- The revolution started in England
- Some of industrial revolutions that changed the world
- The steam engine
- The age of science and mass production
- Digital technology
- Smart and autonomous systems
1.1.2 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
- Transportation
- The Steam Engine
- The Railroad
- The Diesel Engine
- The Airplane
- Communication
- The Telegraph
- The Transatlantic Cable
- The
Phonograph - The Telephone
- Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights
1.1.3 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
- European countries industrialized after England: Belgium, France, and the German states
- final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects created by the Agricultural
Revolution : increase in food production - The four type of industries
- Primary industry
- involves getting raw materials
- e.g. mining, farming, and fishing
- Secondary industry
- manufacturing
- e.g. making cars and steel
- Tertiary industries
- provide a service
- e.g. teaching and nursing
- Quaternary industry
- research and development industries
- e.g. IT
- Primary industry
1.1.3.1 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
- first coined in the 1760s
- transition to new manufacturing processes
- From: hand production 👉 machines
- increasing use of steam power
1.1.3.2 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
- began somewhere in the 1870s
- known as the Technological Revolution
- widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as
telegraph and railroad - new technological systems introduced – electrical power
1.1.3.3 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
- began from the late 1950s
- known as Digital Revolution
- transition from mechanical and analog electronic technology 👉 to digital electronics
- Mass production and widespread use of digital logic circuits: computer, hand phones and the Internet
1.1.3.4 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
- Present day
- advancements in various technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things,
additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles - technologies mentioned above are what you call:
cyber physical
systems:
-
- mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer based algorithms
- tightly integrated with the Internet and its users
- E.g : Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines
- Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the
adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
1.2 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
- Data is
- strategic asset
- determines the future of science, technology, the economy, and possibly
everything - It presents enormous challenges that in turn bring incredible innovation
and economic opportunities
1.3 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
- In digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
- Memory – store random information
- Microprocessors – execute software instructions
- Logic – provide specific functions e.g: signal processing, timing and control
operations - Networks – collection of computers, servers & other devices connected to one another to
allow the sharing of data e.g: Internet
- Programmable devices
- Chips
- Incorporate field programmable logic devices (FPGAs), complex
programmable logic devices (CPLD) and programmable logic devices (PLD) - Computer is programmable device
1.3.1 List of some Programmable devices
- Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
- Achronix Speedster SPD60 e.t.c
Service Enabling Devices (SEDs)
- Modems
- Conferencing equipment
- Traditional channel service unit (CSU) e.t.c
1.4 Human to Machine Interaction (HMI)
- communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a user interface
- HCI (human-computer interaction)
- study of how people interact with computers
- consists of three parts:
- the user
- the computer
- the ways they work together
- The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and
computers
1.4.1 Disciplines Contributing to Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
- Cognitive psychology
- Computer science
- Linguistics
1.5 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
1.5.1 Emerging technology trends in 2019
- 5G Networks
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Autonomous Devices
- Blockchain e.t.c
1.5.2 Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you and your business
- Chatbots
- Virtual/augmented reality
- Blockchain
- Ephemeral Apps and
- Artificial Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it or
not